Decarbonization pathways for gas turbines

Gas turbines are vital for generating flexible, reliable, and efficient power in a decarbonized energy system, balancing intermittent renewables like wind and solar, and providing residual load and heat. To achieve net-zero emissions by 2050, they need to operate using sustainable fuels or carbon capture. Sustainable fuels with a low or zero carbon footprint include hydrogen, ammonia, methanol, and biofuels, each with unique combustion challenges. Carbon capture removes CO₂ from turbine flue gas for storage or use. Techniques include pre-combustion capture, oxyfuel firing, and post-combustion capture, all of which vary in terms of feasibility and cost.